Why is research so important to a journalist? There are many reasons - explain them in detail.
Research is so important to a journalist as what a journalist says must be factual. If a journalist lies or gets a fact wrong, people are not going to believe any of their work. To be a good journalist, you have to be truthful and factual to be trusted and listened to, so good research is vital to make sure you get factual information. Research can also provide information that can be used to support your opinions and views on certain subjects, making you a more reliable and trustworthy journalist. For example, if you are writing about the massive amount of women who face sexual harassment on public transport and research this, and receive a percentage of 87% of women have admitted to being catcalled on buses, that can be used to support your angle that women face sexual harassment commonly on public transport, which makes you seem more reliable and trustworthy to readers. Also, research teaches you a lot about a subject so when you are creating content, you appear more knowledgeable and confident when writing or talking about a certain topic therefore your audience will trust you and be engaged in your content. Overall, research is incredibly important for a journalist to ensure they produce quality content and are a reliable source of information for their audience.
Define primary and secondary, qualitative and quantitative research. For each one, explain when a journalist might use them.
Primary research is when you collect information first-hand. An example of this could be interviewing a witness about their opinion on who is to blame for the collapse of a building. Secondary research is when you get information from already existing reliable sources. An example of this could be getting data from a YouGov survey about how many buildings have collapsed since 2000 due to human action.
Qualitative research is when you get information about the thoughts, feelings, and impact of something, expressed as words. An example of qualitative research is asking a victim how they felt after being run over.
Quantitative research is when you get stats and data. An example of quantitative research is when you ask a police officer how many cases of hit-and-runs have been fatal.
Discuss each of the seven principles for good interviews. Why are they important?
The seven principles for good interviews are:
Do your research- A lack of knowledge and preparation will only irritate your interviewee.
Know your end goal- What are you trying to find out?
Build rapport- A little small talk can go a long way.
Ask open questions, use statements...or just silence!- Give an interviewee space and time and usually, they will talk.
Listen!- It's about them, not you!
Be reactive: Follow up- Take notes, and when the time is right, ask them to tell you more.
Read the room: Know when to challenge- If you go in for the kill at the wrong time, your interviewee will close up.
The seven principles are important as they help to make a good interview. In most situations, following all of these seven principles will mean you conduct a good interview, however in some interviews, not all of the principles are followed and some could be contradicted, but still, it is a good interview.
Doing research is important as you need to be knowledgeable about the interviewee. In research you can find answers to certain questions that will make you familiar with the subject, but also can construct questions based on the research you did, avoiding asking the same repetitive questions in the interview that they have been asked multiple times, which would disengage the interviewee.
Knowing your end goal is important as it means you will focus on what answer you want to receive, and be able to try to keep the interviewee on topic in the search for that answer. Building a rapport is vital so you can make the interviewee feel comfortable and they can trust you, so they will be more open when giving answers and more likely to provide you with an exclusive answer. Before starting the interview officially it is always important to small talk the interviewee, and make the interview seem more like a comfortable conversation, relieving any tension or nerves they feel.
Asking open questions is a good way to make the interviewee give longer answers. Using statements makes the interviewee answer what the audience would want to know, and makes the interview feel more realistic and natural. Using silence makes the interviewee reflect and gives them time to process, but also pressures them into giving a big answer to end the silence as silence increases tension.
Listening to everything the interviewee says and not interrupting them at any point means that you get more in-depth, detailed answers and make the interviewee feel like their opinion and feelings are valued. The interview is about the interviewee so let them talk a lot about themselves.
Be reactive and follow up their answers with relevant questions to get more information about the subject. Take notes about what they say and ask them about this when the time is right and they are finished talking, to get them talking again.
Read the room, and understand the vibe and what the interviewee is feeling, so you can know when to challenge. If you know when to ask the big question when they are relaxed and giving you open answers, ask the big question when it's relevant, and they may be more likely to give you a good answer and not shut you down and close up.
Now you know who you are interviewing, you need to develop questions for them. Research them thoroughly: include evidence of this research below. Draft some questions, explaining why you think they're good ones to ask.
Nottingham Panthers:
What's life like in Nottingham?
What are the crowds like?
How do you feel when the crowd cheers you on?
What is your relationship like with your teammates?
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